Rat Facts

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• Rats (primarily the Brown Rat - Rattus norvegicus) are larger rodents with brown-grey fur, a blunt nose, and a thick tail. They are much bigger and more cautious than mice.

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• Adults typically measure 15–25cm in body length with a tail of similar length and can weigh up to 500g.

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• They do not hibernate and are active all year round, especially in colder months when they seek shelter, food, and warmth indoors.

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• Rats are known to spread serious diseases including Weil’s disease (leptospirosis), salmonella, and other bacteria through their urine and droppings.

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• They are excellent climbers, swimmers, and gnawers — they can chew through wood, plastic, and even concrete over time.

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• A small rat problem can quickly escalate as they breed rapidly and are highly intelligent.

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Biology of Rats

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• Female rats can produce 5–8 litters per year, with 6–12 young per litter.

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• The young are born blind and hairless but grow quickly and can start breeding at just 8–10 weeks old.

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• Rats are primarily nocturnal and live in colonies, building complex burrow systems or nests in hidden areas.

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• They have a strong sense of smell and memory, constantly exploring their territory for food and water.

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• Rats need a regular water source and will travel significant distances (up to 50–150 metres) from their nest to find food.

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Signs of Rats

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• Droppings – large, dark, capsule-shaped pellets (often found along walls and in runs)

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• Gnaw marks on food packaging, cables, wood, pipes, and bins

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• Greasy rub marks along walls and skirting boards from their fur

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• Burrows or holes near foundations, sheds, or compost heaps

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• Nesting materials such as shredded paper, fabric, or insulation

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• Live sightings (especially at night) or hearing scratching/scurrying noises in walls, ceilings, or under floors

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• Strong ammonia-like odour in heavy infestations